First don't be mad at yourself...we all mess up from time to time...we're human, and life happens. Even with all the years and different kitties that I have tested and shot, I still give a fur shot, a late shot or grab the wrong food...It happens and you can only go forward from here.
Yes, the late shot does effect the shed that is building because it drained a tiny bit and thus the dose that you gave let acts as a dose decrease, but he'll catch up again, just might take him a tiny bit longer to settle, but really his numbers aren't that uncommon when starting out with Lantus, frustrating but not uncommon.
Since you are testing at home, there really isn't any reason to spend the money at the vet's for fructosamine test as it isn't going to tell you anything that his spreadsheet isn't. All it is going to show is an average of his BGs over the last few days...your meter does that for you. I have Autumn's meter set to give me her 14 day average so right now I know just by turning her meter on that her 14 average is 220. Which is higher than normal for her because it has my own mess up yesterday which caused her higher numbers factored into it...normally her 14 day average is right around 115ish. What I do instead of hauling Autumn in to be tested at the vet's is I simply given them a link to her spreadsheet here so anytime one of her vets wants to check up on how we are doing they can simply pull up her spreadsheet and look. Unless someone is truly ill most of my communication with my vets is over email. Frees me up to take care of my life, and frees them up to schedule appointments for sick animals. Its a win/win for both of us.
With all the said if he continues to go the wrong direction after his shed is full then it simply means we haven't found the right dose for him yet and we will have to adjust it...no biggie. Just means that you will have to find a day when you can be with him for a full cycle and run a curve, then based on that nadir we will help you figure out if he needs to go up or down in dose. Another thing that will help with that is if you can possibly get a few pm tests, like maybe a "lights out" test, as some cats run lower at night than they do during the day...So there is a chance that he is dropping lower at night and that is causing a bounce the next day.
Mel, Maxwell, Autumn & The Fur Gang