Thickened nails, dry pads, growth on pad?

[Mizuniful]

I'm probably just worrying over nothing, but I am still curious. Pictures of toe beans are always cute, anyway

Spork was an indoor/outdoor cat for most of his life, only strictly indoors for the past year. I always attributed his dry pads to being outdoors, but shouldn't they be normal by now? My civvie has normal pads and he was indoor/outdoor as well.
Front left

I've also noticed he has a 'growth' on one of his pads? I'm honestly not sure what it is or if I should be worried. It's on his front right paw. It's not claw material, just extra pad. I can't really touch it because he just instantly pulls his paw away, haha.

Spork also has strangely thick nails on his back paws, and they stick out at weird angles. I don't think he can retract them. They are still pointed and don't appear to be getting longer, just thicker. I have pictures of him from when we first adopted him at 4yrs old and he still has the weird nails. I see him biting at them a lot still and I do find nail husks around. He scratches with his front ones a lot and those are normal.
Back left

Back right

 

[Squalliesmom]

If you think it's a growth I would have his vet check it out. One of my civvies was born without any bone in one of her back toes, and she has a pad that looks like it has a growth on the toe next to that, but it's really just a partial pad, like one formed incorrectly in utero or something.

Squallie also has weirdly thick back nails that don't retract, They don't seem to bother him.

 

[Olive & Paula]

Funny this topic came up. Today was mani pedi day for my bunch. My civvies each have a few thick nails and some nails have the overgrowth of nail that fills in the curved area. Vet said to just keep trimming them as there isn't anything we can do about it.