Preventing diabetes in cat who might need steroids?

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Lisa and Angel

Member Since 2023
My oldest non-diabetic cat is struggling a lot with arthritis. We've exhausted pretty much every option, right now he's on a strong NSAID but it's not doing enough.

He's been on Solensia in the past, it works really well for him at first but then starts to become less effective after a few months time. This happens with every pain med he's been on for some reason. Usually we'd take a break and switch to a different drug for a few months to reset him and then start the cycle again.

From his last shot in november, he had an allergic reaction/side effect of severe itchiness that caused him to scratch his face bloody. This was right after his horrific (pee via cystocentesis looked like pus) bacterial UTI + kidney infection, so corticosteroids were not an option at the time. The bacteria he was suffering from was a super resistant e. coli bacteria. It was resistant to all antibiotics except amoxicillin/clavulanate. E. coli can burrow into the bladder walls and hide, so recurrance is a possibility.

As of today, he has: arthritis, hypertension, eosinophilic keratitis from a herpes flareup from weakened immune system during the kidney infection (this guy literally CAN NOT catch a break), presumed CKD stage 2 (not 100% sure, values are still dropping after the acute kidney injury), constipation. His meds are: twice daily tolfenamic acid, twice daily miralax in food, once daily cisapride (just started, still working out effective dose/frequency), once daily amlodipine, once daily eye drops that contain gentamicin and dexamethasone (still titrating down), once daily pregabalin in food.

In general he's a happy camper. He's a champ about taking his meds, eating well, still playful and sassy. But he's hurting a lot, especially his wrists/elbows where the arthritis is worst. He eats some dry food and lots of wet food, and he gets a can of cat drink (100-140ml) a day.

He's had a couple repeat urinalyses at the vet which showed a pH of 6.0, no sign of infection or blood, and dropping proteinuria values. I home test using human urine dip sticks as well which show the same. Recently they've shown no protein loss at all anymore, no blood, pH of 6-6.5 and specific gravity of 1.025. Weird thing is that on my human dip sticks, he always shows a trace amount of glucose in his urine. I've home tested his blood a few times and he's never above normal healthy cat blood sugar numbers, same when getting tested at the vet. I've told my vet who isn't concerned since blood glucose is normal.

Right now, I'm considering Solensia again due to a lack of other options. The benefits are starting to outweigh the risks in my mind. We have a vet appointment next week to measure his blood pressure again, where I'll discuss it with my vet. I'll get another urinalysis done to make sure there's no UTI present.

I'm just wondering if there is anything I can do to PREVENT diabetes from occurring if he does get Solensia again and he does get so itchy again that he'll need steroids? Are there "safer" and "less safe" steroids or do they all carry the same risks?

Angel got diabetes after 1 shot of subq methylprednisolone. But she was obese. On the other hand, my other cat Bella has been on a pretty high dose of oral prednisolone for IBD going on 7 years with little side effects (but she's always been borderline underweight).

He's a tad underweight at 10.2 lbs, still reasonably active, male 14 year old Maine Coon.
 
My oldest non-diabetic cat is struggling a lot with arthritis. We've exhausted pretty much every option, right now he's on a strong NSAID but it's not doing enough.

He's been on Solensia in the past, it works really well for him at first but then starts to become less effective after a few months time. This happens with every pain med he's been on for some reason. Usually we'd take a break and switch to a different drug for a few months to reset him and then start the cycle again.

From his last shot in november, he had an allergic reaction/side effect of severe itchiness that caused him to scratch his face bloody. This was right after his horrific (pee via cystocentesis looked like pus) bacterial UTI + kidney infection, so corticosteroids were not an option at the time. The bacteria he was suffering from was a super resistant e. coli bacteria. It was resistant to all antibiotics except amoxicillin/clavulanate. E. coli can burrow into the bladder walls and hide, so recurrance is a possibility.

As of today, he has: arthritis, hypertension, eosinophilic keratitis from a herpes flareup from weakened immune system during the kidney infection (this guy literally CAN NOT catch a break), presumed CKD stage 2 (not 100% sure, values are still dropping after the acute kidney injury), constipation. His meds are: twice daily tolfenamic acid, twice daily miralax in food, once daily cisapride (just started, still working out effective dose/frequency), once daily amlodipine, once daily eye drops that contain gentamicin and dexamethasone (still titrating down), once daily pregabalin in food.

In general he's a happy camper. He's a champ about taking his meds, eating well, still playful and sassy. But he's hurting a lot, especially his wrists/elbows where the arthritis is worst. He eats some dry food and lots of wet food, and he gets a can of cat drink (100-140ml) a day.

He's had a couple repeat urinalyses at the vet which showed a pH of 6.0, no sign of infection or blood, and dropping proteinuria values. I home test using human urine dip sticks as well which show the same. Recently they've shown no protein loss at all anymore, no blood, pH of 6-6.5 and specific gravity of 1.025. Weird thing is that on my human dip sticks, he always shows a trace amount of glucose in his urine. I've home tested his blood a few times and he's never above normal healthy cat blood sugar numbers, same when getting tested at the vet. I've told my vet who isn't concerned since blood glucose is normal.

Right now, I'm considering Solensia again due to a lack of other options. The benefits are starting to outweigh the risks in my mind. We have a vet appointment next week to measure his blood pressure again, where I'll discuss it with my vet. I'll get another urinalysis done to make sure there's no UTI present.

I'm just wondering if there is anything I can do to PREVENT diabetes from occurring if he does get Solensia again and he does get so itchy again that he'll need steroids? Are there "safer" and "less safe" steroids or do they all carry the same risks?

Angel got diabetes after 1 shot of subq methylprednisolone. But she was obese. On the other hand, my other cat Bella has been on a pretty high dose of oral prednisolone for IBD going on 7 years with little side effects (but she's always been borderline underweight).

He's a tad underweight at 10.2 lbs, still reasonably active, male 14 year old Maine Coon.
I think you are right that every cat is different. I have cats here who have been on Dexamethasone for years for skin issues and cats on prednisolone for IBD who also have never become diabetic. In addition, I have some who have received multiple Depo-Medrol long- acting steroid injections. No diabetes. However, there seem to be other cats who become diabetic with far less steroid doses. I wish I knew why!

I would go ahead and resume the Solensia in this case because, as you said, the benefits seem to outweigh the risks at this point. Have you tried Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan injections?). I recently started these at home with my cat. We are on week two (later will go to once a month dosing) and she seems to be feeling better. Previously, she had been on Solensia, and it helped a lot. I only decided to switch to Adequan due to my uncertainty about side effects that I have read about in other cats. If I felt that I had exhausted all other reasonable possibilities, I would go back to Solensia. My vet said that, after the first couple of months, the space between Solensia injections can be increased— every two months or even more, based on how the cat is doing.
 
I haven't tried Adequan, no. I asked about it during his last appointment, but it's only licensed for horses in my country. My vet hadn't even heard of it before. She's not too eager to try off label drugs on him since he's already on so many things and tends to be quite sensitive to meds. She suggested putting him on oral glucosamine/chondroitine instead, since (after some super quick googling) Adequan seems to be a form of glucosamine.

I think if I send her some articles on it and press about it, she might prescribe it. But is it smart to start it alongside Solensia, or maybe wait a bit to see what Solensia will do?

Sidenote, Suzanne, what protocol are you following for the Adequan? Weekly subq injections? And what dosage?
 
My country does have Cartrophen (Pentosan Polysulphate) licensed for dogs, maybe she'll be more familiar with that... from what I can find online, it's comparable, though not entirely the same, as Adequan. Does anyone have any experience with this?

Edit: I'm also a tad bit concerned that both Adequan and Cartrophen have decreased blood clotting as a side effect. They both say not to give this alongside NSAIDs because that'll increase the anticoagulant effect. He's on an NSAID that is already known to have an anticoagulant effect and is advised against using before surgery. Maybe if the Solensia works well enough that we can stop the NSAID...

For example: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8581785/
 
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This was from the Solensia? I’m so sorry. That is one of the listed potential side effects.

Yes, almost certainly a side effect from the Solensia. He's had it before in lesser severity when we first started him on the Solensia about 2 years ago, but it cleared up with a few weeks of low dose prednisolone. After that, it didn't return with subsequent shots of Solensia.
 
Yes, I've given Cartrophen to 3 different cats, including Neko. One cat is was for cystitis, not arthritis reasons, until much later. First kitty it made a world of difference. Some difference for Neko, but her arthritis was much more severe. I had better response from acupuncture treatments for her, with daily acupressure that I gave after the vet showed me how to. It helps the acupuncture last longer. Duralactin also worked well, and I've seen articles where people gave it when they couldn't or didn't want to give metacam. Not to be given if kitty is high in calcium. I also found hyaluronic acid (drops in food) helped some. My brother gets it for his arthritis too, though as injections.

I'd be careful of giving prednisolone to a cat that might be prone to infections. With the herpes, you might get more flare ups on pred. My current kitty on pred gets flares occasionally. You might want to ask your vet about cidofovir eye drops.

Odd with the glucose on the test sticks. Have you ever tested yourself as a control?
 
Yes, I've given Cartrophen to 3 different cats, including Neko. One cat is was for cystitis, not arthritis reasons, until much later. First kitty it made a world of difference. Some difference for Neko, but her arthritis was much more severe. I had better response from acupuncture treatments for her, with daily acupressure that I gave after the vet showed me how to. It helps the acupuncture last longer. Duralactin also worked well, and I've seen articles where people gave it when they couldn't or didn't want to give metacam. Not to be given if kitty is high in calcium. I also found hyaluronic acid (drops in food) helped some. My brother gets it for his arthritis too, though as injections.

I'd be careful of giving prednisolone to a cat that might be prone to infections. With the herpes, you might get more flare ups on pred. My current kitty on pred gets flares occasionally. You might want to ask your vet about cidofovir eye drops.

Odd with the glucose on the test sticks. Have you ever tested yourself as a control?

Thanks for your experience! Yeah, we really don't want to have to give pred, but if he becomes as itchy as he was last time I'll have no choice. I won't have him be so miserable again for a month. I just hope we won't have to deal with this side effect this time around. Last time his immune system was going through hell (UTI+kidney infection, acute kidney injury, herpes flareup, antibiotics, losing so much weight) so maybe that's why it went haywire. He's never had a herpes flareup before (had the usual mild onset as a kitten, but nothing after that). Right now he has no symptoms except a mildly teary eye sometimes. But I'll ask about those drops if it flares up again.

With the tests, yes I have. I also test my other cats occasionally. Nobody else shows glucose except of course Angel. I'll know more when I get another urinalysis done at the vet next week, if there's actually glucose in there, they'll find out.
 
I was also going to mention acupuncture, if that’s an option where you live. It’s not a cure but I saw noticeable improvement in my crew. I would definitely put it at the top of my list to try.

And definitely a glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate supplement. It might or might not help given the advanced stage of the arthritis but it won’t hurt. It’s even been noted (per my IM vet) to be helpful with the bladder lining.

I’m very guarded about the use of Solensia long-term given some of what I’ve read, the apparent lack of studies on long-term use, and the side-effects that I saw in one of my own cats. But every cat is different, and quality of life matters, so sometimes we just do what we have to do.
 
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Here in the U.S. Adequan is also licensed for use in dogs so it is still technically “off label” for cats, although it has been used by vets in cats for many years. The injections are intra-muscular, so I had to learn how to do that and where the safe place is to give the injections (thigh, not near the sciatic nerve and not along the spinal muscles.) Initially, the injections are twice a week for 4 weeks, then once a week for 4 weeks, after that it’s monthly. I had tried oral glucosamine and chondroitin with Sheba for a long time. It didn’t seem to help too much. The Solensia did help her, but we only got to four shots. Solensia and Adequan can be used concurrently, as they work in different ways. The Solensia antibody targets nerve growth factor and I am not sure I’m comfortable with that. So far she has only had four injections.
 
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