Lantus really doesn't have a variable expiration date. The expiration date should be printed on the bottle or pen.
The shelf life once a container is opened is another matter. The manufacturer will state that regardless of the container, Lantus is good for 28 days. If you look at the starred sticky note above regarding the care and handling of Lantus, there is a section that notes that if you store your Lantus properly, it will last considerably longer than the 28 days. I doubt that the numbers today are a result of bad insulin.
I would, however, not suggest storing it on the door of your refrigerator. (My dad was a refrigeration engineer so this info comes from someone with more info than me.) The items on the door, because you open and close it, are subject to the greatest variation in temperature. You're best advised to put the Lantus in a place where it won't freeze and won't get jostled. I keep mine in a crisper drawer.
As for today's numbers, from what you've described, I suspect the high numbers this afternoon and evening are the result of a bounce. The 168 is probably around the lowest numbers your cat has experienced. When this happens, the liver panics and releases both a stored form of glucose and counterregulatory hormones. These cause a spike in blood glucose levels. This bounce can last for up to 72 hours. Do not increase your dose if, in fact, this is a bounce. If it is a bounce and you've increased the dose, once the bounce clears, you could end up giving too much insulin.